HYPERBARIC & DIVING MEDICINE

Hyperbaric Oxygen and Diving Medicine: Decompression Illness and Warning Signs

Hyperbaric oxygen is not a universal therapy; correct indication, timing and risk assessment are essential.

What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

Patients breathe high-concentration oxygen in a chamber at pressure above normal atmosphere. It is not a universal treatment and requires assessment of indication, timing, risk and the patient’s condition.

Conditions that may be assessed

Common referrals include decompression illness, carbon monoxide poisoning, selected ischemic or infected wounds and other guideline-supported indications.

What to do after concerning post-dive symptoms

Joint or muscle pain, skin changes, dizziness, numbness, weakness, breathing difficulty, unsteady walking or altered consciousness after diving should stop further diving and prompt professional evaluation. Do not use self-directed in-water recompression.

Emergency: neurologic symptoms, chest pain, breathing difficulty, altered consciousness or weakness after diving require immediate medical assistance.

What is reviewed before treatment?

Ear pressure equalization, lung condition, medications, pregnancy possibility and other contraindications or risks are assessed. The number of sessions depends on the condition and response.

Frequently asked questions

Can hyperbaric oxygen be used for general wellness or anti-aging?

Medical hyperbaric oxygen should be based on accepted indications and an individualized risk-benefit assessment.

Should a diver return underwater to complete decompression after a rapid ascent?

Do not attempt in-water recompression without an organized professional protocol. Review the dive profile and seek urgent care if symptoms occur.

MH
Author: Dr. Marco Ha

Pediatric surgery, trauma surgery and hyperbaric medicine. Last reviewed: July 24, 2026.

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