Obesity Is a Chronic Disease: From 5% Weight Loss to Medication and Surgery
Taiwan BMI and waist thresholds, 5–15% health goals, medication trials, safety and metabolic-surgery assessment.
ARTICLE LIBRARY
Find health articles by topic
Start with parenting health, foreskin, hernia, pectus and hand-fracture guides organized from recognition to action, or search by a symptom, diagnosis or treatment.
PATIENT SEARCH JOURNEY
Four priority topics: from first concern to care action
01 Foreskin / phimosis
Non-retractile or inflamed: is surgery needed?
Normal development and red flags → prescribed treatment → technique, anesthesia and aftercare.
02 Pediatric hernia
Will a groin bulge close, and what does surgery cost?
Hernia versus hydrocele → incarceration warnings → timing, Taiwan NHI coverage and Da Vinci cost.
03 Pectus excavatum
Does a sunken chest need testing or surgery?
Causes and symptoms → severity and Haller Index → exercise, Nuss repair and follow-up.
04 Metacarpal fracture
What if the hand is swollen or fingers overlap?
Urgency and rotation → imaging and stability → fixation, therapy and return to work.
Each hub covers a complete decision path; focused articles answer one specific question. Families can also go directly to the Parenting section.
SEARCH & BROWSE
Search the medical column
Type a keyword such as “baby spit-up”, “hernia”, “Nuss”, “metacarpal rotation” or “hyperbaric”.
02 Articles
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Weight & Metabolic Health
From obesity as a chronic disease and meaningful health targets to nutrition, strength and safety during tirzepatide treatment.
How to Preserve Muscle During Tirzepatide-Assisted Weight Loss
Individualized protein, resistance and aerobic activity, balanced small meals, body-composition trends and urgent warning signs.
08 Articles
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Foreskin & Phimosis
Normal and pathologic phimosis, steroid treatment, ballooning, inflammation, emergencies, buried penis and circumcision.
Child Foreskin and Phimosis: A Complete Parent Guide
Development, hygiene, cream and surgery decisions.
At What Age Should a Child’s Foreskin Retract?
Natural development, safe care and when to seek help.
Foreskin Ballooning During Urination
When ballooning is benign and when it needs review.
Balanitis in Children
Cleaning, recurrent inflammation and warning signs.
Steroid Cream for Phimosis
How treatment is used and common mistakes.
Pediatric Circumcision: Phimosis, Stapler Devices, Anesthesia and Aftercare
Indications, conventional and stapler techniques, anesthesia, recovery and aftercare.
Paraphimosis in Children
A trapped retracted foreskin is an urgent condition.
Is a Buried Penis Truly Too Short? Fat Pad, Foreskin, Hygiene and Surgery
A penis hidden in surrounding tissue is not necessarily short. Learn how buried penis differs from phimosis and when surgery is considered.
05 Articles
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Hernia & Hydrocele
Inguinal hernia, hydrocele and umbilical hernia: observation and surgery.
Child Inguinal Hernia Stuck Out: Signs of Incarceration
What should parents do when a child’s inguinal hernia becomes hard and cannot be pushed back? Learn the signs of incarceration and strangulation and when to seek emergency surgery.
Pediatric Hernia: Symptoms, Surgery Cost and Emergency Signs
Hernia vs hydrocele, incarceration, surgery timing, Taiwan NHI coverage and Da Vinci self-pay estimate.
Pediatric Da Vinci Hernia Surgery: Cost, Candidacy and Alternatives
Compare open, laparoscopic and robotic repair, including Taiwan self-pay cost, candidacy, mesh, risk and evidence limits.
Will a Child’s Hydrocele Go Away? Difference from Hernia and When Surgery Is Needed
Scrotal swelling in infants may be a hydrocele or hernia. Learn about communicating hydrocele, observation and surgical indications.
Will a Child’s Umbilical Hernia Close? Observation, Coins and Surgery
A protruding belly button is often an umbilical hernia. Learn about spontaneous closure, why coins do not help and when surgery is considered.
11 Articles
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Pectus & Chest Wall
Pectus excavatum, carinatum, Haller index, Nuss surgery and recovery.
Can Pectus Excavatum Affect the Heart and Lungs?
Can pectus excavatum affect the heart and lungs? Learn how severity, cardiac compression, exercise symptoms, echocardiography, pulmonary testing, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing are evaluated.
Pectus Excavatum: Symptoms, Evaluation, Nuss Surgery and Treatment Options
A complete guide to sunken chest, cardiopulmonary assessment, monitoring and the Nuss procedure.
Will Pectus Excavatum Go Away? Growth, Monitoring and When to See a Surgeon
Does a sunken chest improve with growth? Learn how pectus excavatum changes during adolescence, what symptoms matter, and when evaluation is appropriate.
What Is the Best Age for Pectus Excavatum Surgery? Timing the Nuss Procedure
The best age for the Nuss procedure depends on growth, chest-wall flexibility, symptoms, severity and psychosocial impact—not age alone.
What Haller Index Is Severe? Understanding CT Measurements in Pectus Excavatum
The Haller index helps describe pectus severity, but surgery should not be decided by one number alone. Learn how it is measured and interpreted.
Nuss Procedure Recovery Timeline: Hospital Stay, School, Sports and Bar Removal
A practical Nuss recovery guide covering hospital stay, pain control, return to school, sports restrictions, warning signs and bar removal.
Does Pectus Excavatum Always Need Surgery? Nuss Indications and Nonoperative Follow-up
A sunken chest does not automatically require surgery. Learn how symptoms, compression, severity, progression and psychosocial impact guide treatment.
Can Exercise Fix Pectus Excavatum? Posture, Breathing and Strength Training
Can swimming, push-ups or chest exercises flatten pectus excavatum? Learn what training can improve and when structural assessment is still needed.
Will Pectus Carinatum Go Away? Bracing, Surgery and How It Differs from Pectus Excavatum
A guide to a protruding chest in children: pectus carinatum, differences from pectus excavatum, growth, bracing and surgical assessment.
Child Chest Wall Deformity: Pectus Excavatum, Carinatum, Asymmetry and Scoliosis
What should parents do after a school exam identifies an abnormal chest shape? Learn how pectus deformities, asymmetry and scoliosis are assessed.
Nuss Procedure for Pectus Excavatum: Surgery, Hospital Stay, Pain, Bars, and Recovery
A practical guide to the Nuss procedure: evaluation, thoracoscopic repair, pain control, hospital stay, bar duration, return to school, exercise, and warning signs.
02 Articles
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Hypospadias
Urethral opening, penile curvature, foreskin preservation and surgery.
What Is the Best Age for Hypospadias Surgery?
What is the best age for hypospadias repair? Learn why 6 to 18 months is commonly recommended, who needs surgery, why circumcision should wait, and why long-term follow-up matters.
Does Hypospadias Always Need Surgery? Timing, Foreskin and Long-term Follow-up
A displaced urethral opening and penile curvature may indicate hypospadias. Learn about surgery, timing, foreskin preservation and follow-up.
02 Articles
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Rib Fracture
Chest pain, breathing care, imaging and surgical assessment.
Rib Fracture Recovery
Pain, breathing care and emergency signs.
When Can a Chest Tube Be Removed? Air Leaks, Drainage, X-rays, and Aftercare
A patient guide to chest-tube removal after pneumothorax, hemothorax, trauma, or surgery: air leaks, drainage, imaging, wound care, flying, and warning signs.
05 Articles
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Hand Fracture
Adult metacarpal fractures, pediatric hand fractures, reduction, fixation and functional recovery.
Adult Metacarpal Fracture Surgery: K-Wires, Plates, Intramedullary Screws and Recovery
When does a boxer’s or fifth-metacarpal fracture need surgery? Compare malrotation, K-wires, plates, intramedullary fixation, anesthesia, therapy, and return to work.
When Are K-Wires Removed After a Child’s Fracture?
When are K-wires removed after a child’s fracture, and is anesthesia required? Learn typical timing, clinic removal, dressing care, bathing, and infection warning signs.
Will a Growth Plate Fracture Affect a Child’s Growth?
Can a growth plate fracture affect a child’s height or limb length? Learn which injuries carry higher risk, how they are treated, and why follow-up may continue after pain resolves.
Child Finger Fracture: Cast, Splint, or Surgery?
Does a child’s finger fracture need a cast, splint, or surgery? Learn how alignment, rotation, joint involvement, stability, open injury, and growth plates guide treatment.
Child Finger Slammed in a Door: What to Do About a Black Nail
What should parents do when a child’s finger is crushed in a door and the nail turns black? Learn about subungual hematoma, nail-bed injury, fingertip fracture, drainage, and urgent warning signs.
03 Articles
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Trauma & Wound Care
Wound cleaning, suturing, suture removal, infection and scar care.
How to Minimize Scarring After a Child’s Facial Cut
How can parents minimize scarring after a child’s facial cut? Learn about prompt assessment, precise closure, infection prevention, suture removal, silicone, massage, and sun protection.
Does My Child’s Cut Need Stitches, Skin Glue, or Steri-Strips?
Does a child’s cut need stitches, skin glue, or adhesive strips? Learn how wound gaping, bleeding, location, contamination, depth, and function determine closure.
Bowel Perforation After Abdominal Trauma: Symptoms, Surgery, Feeding, Drains, and Stoma Reversal
Blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma can cause delayed stomach or bowel perforation. Learn the warning signs, CT findings, surgery, feeding, drain changes, and stoma reversal planning.
02 Articles
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Skin & Soft-Tissue Tumors
Cysts, vascular lesions and other skin or subcutaneous masses in children.
Skin Tumors and Subcutaneous Lumps: Warning Signs, Biopsy and Surgery
A practical guide to cysts, lipomas, pigmented lesions, imaging, pathology, excision and scars.
Will an Infantile Hemangioma Go Away? High-Risk Signs, Propranolol, Laser, and Surgery
Infantile hemangiomas often grow rapidly in early infancy and later involute. Learn which locations and complications need early treatment, propranolol safety, ulcer care, and surgery.
03 Articles
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Diving & Hyperbaric Medicine
Decompression illness, hyperbaric treatment and post-dive warning signs.
Decompression Sickness and Hyperbaric Oxygen: Complete Guide
Symptoms, emergency oxygen, recompression treatment, flying after diving, and practical steps to reduce DCS risk.
Dizziness or Tinnitus After Diving: Decompression Sickness or Ear Barotrauma?
Dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, or imbalance after diving may be inner-ear decompression sickness or barotrauma. Learn emergency oxygen, why not to re-enter the water, and when hyperbaric evaluation is urgent.
Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine
Decompression illness and treatment indications.
02 Articles
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War Trauma & Disaster Medicine
Household wartime preparedness for civilians and mass-casualty, trauma and health-system resilience guidance for healthcare teams.
How Civilians Can Prepare for War: A Household Readiness Guide
One-week supplies, go-bags, air-raid alerts, reunification, prescription continuity, first aid and support for children and older adults.
Wartime Medical Response for Healthcare Workers
Staff safety, incident command, triage, damage control, blood and oxygen, prolonged care, hospital resilience, ethics and exercises.
25 Articles
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Other Surgical Education
Robotic surgery, adult and pediatric gallstones and cholecystectomy, plus testis, umbilicus, abdominal, bowel, urinary and other surgical topics.
Da Vinci Robotic Surgery: Benefits, Limitations, Cost and Choice
Robotic surgery is not autonomous. Compare indications, alternatives, experience, risk, recovery and cost.
Adult Gallstones and Cholecystectomy: Laparoscopic or Robotic?
Symptoms, ultrasound, indications for surgery, comparative evidence, risks, recovery and diet after gallbladder removal.
Gallstones in Children: Symptoms, Diet, Laparoscopic and Robotic Cholecystectomy
Causes beyond diet, ultrasound, emergency warning signs, indications for surgery, laparoscopy, robotics and recovery.
How Long Should a Child Fast Before Surgery?
How long should a child fast before surgery? Understand common timing for clear liquids, breast milk, formula, milk, light meals, and what to do after accidental eating or drinking.
Can a Child Have General Anesthesia With a Cold or Cough?
Can a child undergo general anesthesia with a cold, runny nose, or cough? Learn which symptoms raise anesthesia risk, when elective surgery may be postponed, and what parents should report before surgery.
When Does a Child’s Abdominal Pain Need a Surgeon? Appendicitis and Emergency Warning Signs
Childhood abdominal pain is common, but some patterns require urgent surgical evaluation. Learn the warning signs for appendicitis, obstruction and more.
Biliary Atresia After Kasai Surgery: Cholangitis Warning Signs and Long-term Follow-up
Long-term care after the Kasai procedure includes monitoring jaundice, stool color, fever, cholangitis, nutrition and liver function.
Who Needs Small Bowel Transplantation? Intestinal Failure and Parenteral Nutrition Complications
Small bowel transplantation is not first-line treatment for most short bowel syndrome. Learn when intestinal failure and PN complications prompt referral.
Pediatric Intestinal Failure and Short Bowel Syndrome: High Output, Parenteral Nutrition and Rehabilitation
Care of pediatric intestinal failure includes fluid/electrolyte balance, feeding strategy, parenteral nutrition, line safety and intestinal rehabilitation.
School Health Exam Found Hernia, Pectus or Undescended Testis: A Pediatric Surgery Follow-up Guide
A school screening note does not automatically mean surgery. Learn how hernia, chest-wall, scrotal and foreskin findings are confirmed.
Retractile Testis vs Undescended Testis: Follow-up and When Surgery Is Needed
A testis that moves in and out of the scrotum may be retractile. Learn how it differs from an undescended or ascending testis.
When Should Undescended Testis Surgery Be Done? Examination, Imaging and Orchiopexy
What should happen when an infant’s testis is not in the scrotum? Learn referral timing, imaging limitations and orchiopexy.
Will Vesicoureteral Reflux Resolve? UTIs, Kidney Imaging and Surgery in Children
Recurrent UTI or hydronephrosis may lead to evaluation for vesicoureteral reflux. Learn about grades, prevention, monitoring and surgery.
Newborn Umbilical Cord Bleeding, Discharge and Granuloma: Care and Infection Warning Signs
Is a little bleeding after cord separation normal? Learn about dry care, granuloma, persistent drainage and omphalitis warning signs.
Perianal Abscess in Infants: Drainage, Fistula and When Surgery Is Needed
A red tender lump near an infant’s anus may be a perianal abscess. Learn about drainage, antibiotics, recurrence and fistula.
Sudden Chest Pain and Breathlessness in a Teen: Spontaneous Pneumothorax Symptoms and Treatment
Sudden one-sided chest pain and breathlessness in a tall thin teen may be spontaneous pneumothorax. Learn about imaging, drainage, surgery, flying and diving.
Pediatric Day Surgery: Fasting, Anesthesia, Going Home and Return to School
Can a child go home the same day after surgery? Learn about fasting, anesthesia, discharge criteria and home warning signs.
After Pediatric Anorectal Surgery: Dilatation, Bowel Movements, Wound Care and Warning Signs
Long-term care after anorectal malformation surgery includes dilatation, stool management, skin protection, bowel training and follow-up.
What Does Pediatric Surgery Treat? Hernia, Foreskin, Testis, Chest Wall and Umbilical Conditions
Not sure whether to see pediatrics or pediatric surgery? This guide covers common surgical conditions and emergency warning signs.
Is Uneven Shoulder Height Scoliosis? Cobb Angle, Bracing, Exercise, and Surgery
A guide to adolescent scoliosis: uneven shoulders, forward-bend test, Cobb angle, growth-related progression, bracing, physiotherapy, and surgical indications.
Does a Child’s Tracheostomy Mean There Is No Hope? Care, Speech, Feeding, and Decannulation
A pediatric tracheostomy guide covering indications, surgery, suction, humidification, skin care, speech, feeding, home caregiver training, emergencies, and decannulation.
Infant Tongue-Tie: Surgery Cost, Feeding, Speech and Aftercare
Tongue-tie appearance alone does not determine treatment. Learn about feeding function, surgery, Taiwan NHI coverage, possible self-pay items and aftercare.
Why Does My Baby Tilt the Head? Torticollis Stretching, Therapy, and Surgery
Congenital muscular torticollis causes a persistent head tilt and rotation preference. Learn safe stretching, positioning, plagiocephaly prevention, physical therapy, and red flags.
Is Right Lower Abdominal Pain Appendicitis? Symptoms, Ultrasound, Surgery, and Antibiotics
Pediatric appendicitis may begin with vague central pain before moving to the right lower abdomen. Learn warning signs, ultrasound and CT use, surgery, antibiotics, perforation, and recovery.
Will an Infant Anal Fistula Heal on Its Own? Abscess, Recurrent Drainage, and Surgery
A pediatric guide to perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano: recurrent drainage, conservative care, antibiotics, incision and drainage, fistulotomy, and recurrence.
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Parenting
Start with a parent’s real question, identify urgent warning signs and prepare safe home care and useful visit observations.
Baby Spit-Up or Vomiting? Projectile and Green Vomit Warning Signs
Use color, force, age, behavior, growth and urine output to distinguish common spit-up, pyloric stenosis and bilious-vomiting emergencies.
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